---
title: So saying, the pilot began to weep afresh, and the crew, fearing the… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: So saying, the pilot began to weep afresh, and the crew, fearing their last hour had come, made their wills, each one in favour of his fellow. Who acts: pilot, crew, last hour, vessels. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 11, sentence 26

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So saying, the pilot began to weep afresh, and the crew, fearing their last hour had come, made their wills, each one in favour of his fellow.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pilot, crew, last hour, vessels · **What happens:** say, begin, weep, fear, come, make · **To what, where:** wills, fellow · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pilot, crew, last hour, vessels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:11:26
# text = So saying, the pilot began to weep afresh, and the crew, fearing their last hour had come, made their wills, each one in favour of his fellow.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	weep	weep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	afresh	afresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	crew	crew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	fearing	fear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
17	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
22	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	wills	will	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	27	det	_	_
27	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	favour	favour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	fellow	fellow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the pilot *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the pilot |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **weep** | to-infinitive | the pilot *not said here* |  |  |  |  | afresh *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **fear** | gerund | the crew *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **come** | past · perfect | vessels's last hour |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **make** | past | the crew | vessels's wills |  |  |  | each one in favour of pilot's fellow *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset will=Product |
| 7 | **will** |  | vessels *= vessel* |  |  |  |  |  | nom will «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
| 8 | **favour** |  |  | pilot's fellow |  |  |  |  | nom favour «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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