---
title: At last my strength began to fail, and I gave myself up for lost, wh… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: At last my strength began to fail, and I gave myself up for lost, when the wind suddenly rose, and a huge wave cast me on a flat shore. Who acts: I, wind, huge wave. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 11, sentence 45

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At last my strength began to fail, and I gave myself up for lost, when the wind suddenly rose, and a huge wave cast me on a flat shore.

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**Who acts:** I, wind, huge wave · **What happens:** begin, fail, give up, lose, rise, cast · **To what, where:** last strength, myself, me, flat shore

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, wind, huge wave), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:11:45
# text = At last my strength began to fail, and I gave myself up for lost, when the wind suddenly rose, and a huge wave cast me on a flat shore.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
5	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	fail	fail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
12	myself	myself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	iobj	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
14	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
20	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
27	cast	cast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
28	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	on	on	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past |  |  |  | my last strength |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **fail** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **give up** | past | I |  | myself |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent myself=Source |
| 4 | **lose** | participle | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **rise** | past | the wind |  |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **cast** | past | a huge wave | me |  | a flat shore |  |  | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent i=Theme on shore=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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