--- title: He looked up, startled and frightened at the sight of a stranger in… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics description: He looked up, startled and frightened at the sight of a stranger in such a place, and to soothe his fears, I at once spoke: "Be not alarmed, sir, whoever you may be. Who acts: boy, I. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11, with its dependency tree and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/11/59/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Arabian Nights Entertainments](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/) / [Opening, part 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/11/) / 59 # The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 11, sentence 59 He looked up, startled and frightened at the sight of a stranger in such a place, and to soothe his fears, I at once spoke: "Be not alarmed, sir, whoever you may be. **Who acts:** boy, I · **What happens:** look up, startle, frighten, soothe, speak, not alarm · **To what, where:** sight, fears, sir, whoever, stranger · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg128:11:59 # text = He looked up, startled and frightened at the sight of a stranger in such a place, and to soothe his fears, I at once spoke: "Be not alarmed, sir, whoever you may be. 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 looked look VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 up up ADP RP _ 2 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 startled startle VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 conj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 frightened frighten VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 conj _ _ 8 at at ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 sight sight NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 stranger stranger NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 such such DET PDT PronType=Ind 17 det:predet _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 to to PART TO _ 21 mark _ _ 21 soothe soothe VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 22 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 fears fear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 26 at at ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 28 obl _ _ 28 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 29 : : PUNCT : _ 33 punct _ _ 30 " " PUNCT `` _ 33 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 31 Be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 33 aux:pass _ _ 32 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 33 advmod _ _ 33 alarmed alarm VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 28 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 35 sir sir NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 37 whoever whoever PRON WP PronType=Rel 35 nmod _ _ 38 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 39 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 40 aux _ _ 40 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 37 cop _ SpaceAfter=No 41 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **look up** | past | boy | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 2 | **startle** | participle | boy *not said here* | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **frighten** | participle | boy *not said here* | | | the sight of a stranger in such place | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **soothe** | to-infinitive | boy *not said here* | boy's fears | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fear=Experiencer | | 5 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | I | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **not** **alarm** *in a quote* | infinitive · passive | | sir | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» | | 7 | **is a** *in a quote* | infinitive | | whoever | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **sight** | | | a stranger in such place | | | | | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient | | 9 | **fear** | | boy | | | | | | nom fear «feeling transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 58](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/11/58/) - next →: [sentence 60](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/11/60/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/11/)