---
title: My father is a rich merchant, owning much land and many ships, and h… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: My father is a rich merchant, owning much land and many ships, and has great dealings in precious stones, but he never ceased mourning that he had no child to inherit his wealth. Who acts: father, rich merchant, land. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 11, sentence 63

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My father is a rich merchant, owning much land and many ships, and has great dealings in precious stones, but he never ceased mourning that he had no child to inherit his wealth.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** father, rich merchant, land · **What happens:** be, own, have, not cease, mourn, inherit · **To what, where:** rich merchant, much land, great dealings, precious stones, child, wealth

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father, rich merchant, land), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:11:63
# text = My father is a rich merchant, owning much land and many ships, and has great dealings in precious stones, but he never ceased mourning that he had no child to inherit his wealth.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	owning	own	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
17	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	dealings	dealing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
26	ceased	cease	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
27	mourning	mourn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	advcl	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	ccomp	_	_
31	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	32	det	_	_
32	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	inherit	inherit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	acl	_	_
35	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	wealth	wealth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My father | a rich merchant |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **own** | gerund | a rich merchant *not said here* | much land and many ships |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot land=Theme |
| 3 | **have** | present |  | great dealings |  | precious stones |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dealing=Patient |
| 4 | **not** **cease** | past | land |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 5 | **mourn** | gerund | land *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 6 | **have** | past | land | no child |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient |
| 7 | **inherit** | to-infinitive | land *not said here* | land's wealth |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wealth=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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