---
title: Laying him down at the foot of the tree in which I had taken shelter… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Laying him down at the foot of the tree in which I had taken shelter, they did their best to recover him, but it took a long while. Who acts: trees, I, it. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 11, sentence 91

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Laying him down at the foot of the tree in which I had taken shelter, they did their best to recover him, but it took a long while.

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**Who acts:** trees, I, it · **What happens:** lay down, take, do, recover · **To what, where:** instant, foot, shelter, tree

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trees, I, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:11:91
# text = Laying him down at the foot of the tree in which I had taken shelter, they did their best to recover him, but it took a long while.
1	Laying	lay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
2	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	acl:relcl	_	_
15	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	18	parataxis	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	recover	recover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	csubj	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay down** | gerund | trees *= tree* *not said here* | instant |  | the foot of the tree |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme at foot=Destination |
| 2 | **take** | past · perfect | I | shelter |  | the tree |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent shelter=Value in which=Location |
| 3 | **do** | past | trees *= tree* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **recover** | to-infinitive |  | instant |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 5 | **take** | past | it |  |  |  | while |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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