---
title: When at last he revived, they left him to dig a grave, and then layi… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: When at last he revived, they left him to dig a grave, and then laying the young man's body in it, they threw in the earth. Who acts: instant, trees. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 11, sentence 92

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When at last he revived, they left him to dig a grave, and then laying the young man's body in it, they threw in the earth.

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**Who acts:** instant, trees · **What happens:** revive, leave, dig, lay, throw · **To what, where:** last, instant, grave, body, earth

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (instant, trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:11:92
# text = When at last he revived, they left him to dig a grave, and then laying the young man's body in it, they threw in the earth.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	last	last	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	revived	revive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	dig	dig	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
17	laying	lay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	's	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **revive** | past | instant |  |  | last |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **leave** | past | trees *= tree* | instant |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 3 | **dig** | to-infinitive | trees *= tree* *not said here* | a grave |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent grave=Theme |
| 4 | **lay** | gerund | trees *= tree* *not said here* | the young man's body |  | body | then |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent body=Theme in it=Destination |
| 5 | **throw** | past | trees *= tree* |  |  | the earth |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent in earth=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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