--- title: I led the animal into the open air, and then jumped on his back, sha… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics description: I led the animal into the open air, and then jumped on his back, shaking the reins as I did so, but as he never stirred, I touched him lightly with a switch I had picked up in his stable. Who acts: I, animal, switch. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 12, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/12/80/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Arabian Nights Entertainments](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/) / [Opening, part 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/12/) / 80 # The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 12, sentence 80 I led the animal into the open air, and then jumped on his back, shaking the reins as I did so, but as he never stirred, I touched him lightly with a switch I had picked up in his stable. **Who acts:** I, animal, switch · **What happens:** lead, jump, shake, do, not stir, touch · **To what, where:** animal, open air, back, reins, I, stable This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, animal, switch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg128:12:80 # text = I led the animal into the open air, and then jumped on his back, shaking the reins as I did so, but as he never stirred, I touched him lightly with a switch I had picked up in his stable. 1 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 led lead VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 into into ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 open open ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 12 advmod _ _ 12 jumped jump VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 13 on on ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 shaking shake VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 parataxis _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 reins rein NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 20 as as SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 21 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 did do VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 advcl _ _ 23 so so ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 25 but but CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 26 as as SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 27 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 28 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 29 advmod _ _ 29 stirred stir VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 31 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 touched touch VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 33 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ _ 34 lightly lightly ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 35 with with ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 switch switch NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 38 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj:pass _ _ 39 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 aux _ _ 40 picked pick VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 37 acl:relcl _ _ 41 up up ADP RP _ 40 compound:prt _ _ 42 in in ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 44 nmod:poss _ _ 44 stable stable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 45 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lead** | past | I | the animal | | the open air | | | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent animal=Theme into air=Destination | | 2 | **jump** | past | I *not said here* | | | animal's back | then | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on back=Trajectory | | 3 | **shake** | gerund | | the reins | | | | | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent rein=Patient | | 4 | **do** | past | I | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **not** **stir** | past | animal | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **touch** | past | I | animal | | | | with a switch; lightly *property* | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Experiencer with switch=Instrument | | 7 | **pick up** | past · perfect · passive | a switch *not said here* | I | | animal's stable | | | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 79](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/12/79/) - next →: [sentence 81](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/12/81/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/12/)