---
title: Casting his eyes up to the sky he exclaimed aloud, — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Casting his eyes up to the sky he exclaimed aloud, Who acts: Sindbad. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/12/)

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 13, sentence 12

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Casting his eyes up to the sky he exclaimed aloud,

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**Who acts:** Sindbad · **What happens:** cast up, exclaim · **To what, where:** eyes, sky

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sindbad), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:13:12
# text = Casting his eyes up to the sky he exclaimed aloud,
1	Casting	cast	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	up	up	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cast up** | gerund |  | Sindbad's eyes |  | the sky |  |  | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent eye=Theme to sky=Destination |
| 2 | **exclaim** *speech: express* | past | Sindbad | the sky *not said here* |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent sky=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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