--- title: Those who were nearest to the boat threw themselves into it, others… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics description: Those who were nearest to the boat threw themselves into it, others sprang into the sea, but before I could save myself the whale plunged suddenly into the depths of the ocean, leaving me clinging to a piece of the wood which we had brought to make our fire. Who acts: Those, others, I, nearest. A se --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/47/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Arabian Nights Entertainments](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/) / [Opening, part 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/) / 47 # The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 13, sentence 47 Those who were nearest to the boat threw themselves into it, others sprang into the sea, but before I could save myself the whale plunged suddenly into the depths of the ocean, leaving me clinging to a piece of the wood which we had brought to make our fire. **Who acts:** Those, others, I, nearest, our · **What happens:** be, throw, spring, save, plunge, leave · **To what, where:** islands, boat, sea, myself, depths, me This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Those, others, I, nearest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg128:13:47 # text = Those who were nearest to the boat threw themselves into it, others sprang into the sea, but before I could save myself the whale plunged suddenly into the depths of the ocean, leaving me clinging to a piece of the wood which we had brought to make our fire. 1 Those that PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 4 nsubj _ _ 2 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 4 nsubj _ _ 3 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 nearest near ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 27 nsubj _ _ 5 to to ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 boat boat NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 8 threw throw VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 9 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 8 obj _ _ 10 into into ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 14 sprang spring VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 15 into into ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 19 but but CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 20 before before SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 21 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 22 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 save save VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 parataxis _ _ 24 myself myself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 23 obj _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 whale whale NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 plunged plunge VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 28 suddenly suddenly ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 29 into into ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 depths depth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 ocean ocean NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 36 leaving leave VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 27 advcl _ _ 37 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 obj _ _ 38 clinging cling VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 36 conj _ _ 39 to to ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 piece piece NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 42 of of ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 wood wood NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nmod _ _ 45 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 48 nsubj:pass _ _ 46 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj _ _ 47 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 48 aux _ _ 48 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 44 acl:relcl _ _ 49 to to PART TO _ 50 mark _ _ 50 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 48 advcl _ _ 51 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 52 nmod:poss _ _ 52 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 53 . . PUNCT . _ 27 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | Those | | | | | near *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **throw** | past | | islands *= island* | | boat | | to the boat | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer themselves=Theme into it=Result | | 3 | **spring** | past | others | | | the sea | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into sea=Destination | | 4 | **save** | could | I | myself | | | | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent myself=Theme | | 5 | **plunge** | past | nearest | | | the depths of the ocean | | suddenly *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into depth=Initial\_Location | | 6 | **leave** | gerund | nearest *not said here* | me | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme | | 7 | **cling** | gerund | nearest *not said here* | | | | | to a piece of the wood | vn cling-22.5 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to piece=Co-Theme | | 8 | **bring** | past · perfect · passive | | the wood | | | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: subject=Theme | | 9 | **make** | to-infinitive | | our fire | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fire=Product | | 10 | **fire** | | our | | | | | | nom fire «event transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/46/) - next →: [sentence 48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/48/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/)