--- title: Presently I reached a great plain where a grazing horse was tethered… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics description: Presently I reached a great plain where a grazing horse was tethered, and as I stood looking at it I heard voices talking apparently underground, and in a moment a man appeared who asked me how I came upon the island. Who acts: I, voices, man. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by And --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/52/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Arabian Nights Entertainments](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/) / [Opening, part 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/) / 52 # The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 13, sentence 52 Presently I reached a great plain where a grazing horse was tethered, and as I stood looking at it I heard voices talking apparently underground, and in a moment a man appeared who asked me how I came upon the island. **Who acts:** I, voices, man · **What happens:** reach, tether, stand, look, hear, talk · **To what, where:** great plain, grazing horse, voices, me, island This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, voices, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg128:13:52 # text = Presently I reached a great plain where a grazing horse was tethered, and as I stood looking at it I heard voices talking apparently underground, and in a moment a man appeared who asked me how I came upon the island. 1 Presently presently ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 2 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 reached reach VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 plain plain NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 12 advmod _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 grazing grazing NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj:pass _ _ 11 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux:pass _ _ 12 tethered tether VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 15 as as SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 16 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 advcl _ _ 18 looking look VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 17 xcomp _ _ 19 at at ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ _ 21 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 23 voices voice NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ _ 24 talking talk VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 23 acl _ _ 25 apparently apparently ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 underground underground ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 29 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 moment moment NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 34 appeared appear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 35 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 36 nsubj _ _ 36 asked ask VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 conj _ _ 37 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 iobj _ _ 38 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 40 advmod _ _ 39 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 40 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 36 advcl _ _ 41 upon upon ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 island island NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 44 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **reach** | past | I | a great plain | | | | presently *property* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent plain=Theme | | 2 | **tether** | past · passive | | a grazing horse | | | | | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 3 | **stand** | past | I | | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 4 | **look** | gerund | I *not said here* | | | | | at horse | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at it=Theme | | 5 | **hear** | past | I | voices | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus | | 6 | **talk** | gerund | voices *not said here* | | | | | underground *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **appear** | past | a man | | | | moment | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | | | me | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient | | 9 | **come** | past | I | | | the island | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon island=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/51/) - next →: [sentence 53](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/53/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/)