--- title: He took me to a cave where his companions were assembled, and when I… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics description: He took me to a cave where his companions were assembled, and when I had eaten of the food they set before me, they bade me think myself fortunate to have come upon them when I did, since they were going back to their master on the morrow, and without their aid I could certainly never have found my --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/54/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Arabian Nights Entertainments](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/) / [Opening, part 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/) / 54 # The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 13, sentence 54 He took me to a cave where his companions were assembled, and when I had eaten of the food they set before me, they bade me think myself fortunate to have come upon them when I did, since they were going back to their master on the morrow, and without their aid I could certainly never have found my way to the inhabited part of the island. **Who acts:** man, I, companions · **What happens:** take, assemble, eat, set, bade, think · **To what, where:** me, cave, companions, myself, morrow, way This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, I, companions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg128:13:54 # text = He took me to a cave where his companions were assembled, and when I had eaten of the food they set before me, they bade me think myself fortunate to have come upon them when I did, since they were going back to their master on the morrow, and without their aid I could certainly never have found my way to the inhabited part of the island. 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 iobj _ _ 4 to to ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 cave cave NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 7 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 11 advmod _ _ 8 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 companions companion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj:pass _ _ 10 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux:pass _ _ 11 assembled assemble VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 12 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 14 when when SCONJ WRB _ 17 mark _ _ 15 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 16 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 17 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 22 advcl _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 21 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 set set VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 23 before before ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 bade bade VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 28 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ _ 29 think think VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 xcomp _ _ 30 myself myself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 29 obj _ _ 31 fortunate fortunate ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 xcomp _ _ 32 to to PART TO _ 34 mark _ _ 33 have have AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 34 aux _ _ 34 come come VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 31 xcomp _ _ 35 upon upon ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ _ 37 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 39 advmod _ _ 38 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ _ 39 did do VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 41 since since SCONJ IN _ 44 mark _ _ 42 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 43 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 aux _ _ 44 going go VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 27 advcl _ _ 45 back back ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 46 to to ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 48 nmod:poss _ _ 48 master master NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ _ 49 on on ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 morrow morrow NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 52 , , PUNCT , _ 56 punct _ _ 53 and and CCONJ CC _ 56 cc _ _ 54 without without ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 55 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 56 nmod:poss _ _ 56 aid aid NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ _ 57 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 62 nsubj _ _ 58 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 62 aux _ _ 59 certainly certainly ADV RB _ 62 advmod _ _ 60 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 62 advmod _ _ 61 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 62 aux _ _ 62 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 56 acl:relcl _ _ 63 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 64 nmod:poss _ _ 64 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 62 obj _ _ 65 to to ADP IN _ 68 case _ _ 66 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 68 det _ _ 67 inhabited inhabit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 68 amod _ _ 68 part part NOUN NN Number=Sing 62 obl _ _ 69 of of ADP IN _ 71 case _ _ 70 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 71 det _ _ 71 island island NOUN NN Number=Sing 68 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 72 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take** | past | man | | me | a cave | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent i=Theme to cave=Destination | | 2 | **assemble** | past · passive | | man's companions | | | | | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | | 3 | **eat** | past · perfect | I | | | | | of the food | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent of food=Source | | 4 | **set** | present | companions *= companion* | | | | before me | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent before i=Destination | | 5 | **bade** | past | companions *= companion* | me | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **think** *speech: other* | infinitive | companions *= companion* *not said here* | myself | | | | fortunate *property* | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot myself=Theme | | 7 | **come** | to-infinitive · perfect | companions *= companion* *not said here* | | | | | upon companions *= companion* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon they=Location | | 8 | **do** | past | I | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **go back** | past · progressive | companions *= companion* | | | the morrow | | to companions's master *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to master=Result | | 10 | **not** **find** | could · perfect | I | my way | | | | to the inhabited part of the island; certainly *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic | | 11 | **inhabit** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 53](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/53/) - next →: [sentence 55](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/55/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/)