---
title: The valley in which I found myself was deep and narrow, and surround… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: The valley in which I found myself was deep and narrow, and surrounded by mountains which towered into the clouds, and were so steep and rocky that there was no way of climbing up their sides. Who acts: I, valley, mountains, way. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Open
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 14, sentence 28

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The valley in which I found myself was deep and narrow, and surrounded by mountains which towered into the clouds, and were so steep and rocky that there was no way of climbing up their sides.

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**Who acts:** I, valley, mountains, way · **What happens:** find, be, surround, tower, climb up · **To what, where:** myself, valley, clouds, sides

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, valley, mountains, way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:14:28
# text = The valley in which I found myself was deep and narrow, and surrounded by mountains which towered into the clouds, and were so steep and rocky that there was no way of climbing up their sides.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	obl	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	myself	myself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	6	obj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	towered	tower	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
25	so	so	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	steep	steep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	rocky	rocky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	conj	_	_
29	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
30	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	31	expl	_	_
31	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	advcl	_	_
32	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	33	det	_	_
33	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
34	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
35	climbing	climb	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	33	acl	_	_
36	up	up	ADP	RP	_	35	compound:prt	_	_
37	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | I | myself |  | the valley |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent myself=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | past | the valley |  |  |  |  | deep *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | the valley *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **surround** | participle | the valley *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by mountains | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **tower** | past | mountains |  |  | the clouds |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **is** | past | the valley *not said here* |  |  |  |  | steep *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **be** |  | the valley *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **be** | past | no way |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **climb up** | gerund | no way *not said here* | mountains's sides |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location side=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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