---
title: All day long I wandered up and down the valley, and when it grew dus… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: All day long I wandered up and down the valley, and when it grew dusk I crept into a little cave, and having blocked up the entrance to it with a stone, I ate part of my little store of food and lay down to sleep, but all through the night the serpents crawled to and fro, hissing horribly, so that I
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 14, sentence 32

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All day long I wandered up and down the valley, and when it grew dusk I crept into a little cave, and having blocked up the entrance to it with a stone, I ate part of my little store of food and lay down to sleep, but all through the night the serpents crawled to and fro, hissing horribly, so that I could scarcely close my eyes for terror.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, valley, serpents · **What happens:** wander, grow, creep, block up, eat, lay down · **To what, where:** valley, little cave, entrance, part, eyes

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, valley, serpents), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:14:32
# text = All day long I wandered up and down the valley, and when it grew dusk I crept into a little cave, and having blocked up the entrance to it with a stone, I ate part of my little store of food and lay down to sleep, but all through the night the serpents crawled to and fro, hissing horribly, so that I could scarcely close my eyes for terror.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	wandered	wander	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	IN	_	6	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
16	dusk	dusk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	crept	creep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	aux	_	_
26	blocked	block	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
27	up	up	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	entrance	entrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	_
32	with	with	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
37	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
38	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
40	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
41	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	store	store	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
46	lay	lay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	37	conj	_	_
47	down	down	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
48	to	to	PART	TO	_	49	mark	_	_
49	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	46	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	58	punct	_	_
51	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	58	cc	_	_
52	all	all	ADV	RB	_	58	advmod	_	_
53	through	through	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	obl	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
57	serpents	serpent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	nsubj	_	_
58	crawled	crawl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
59	to	to	ADP	IN	_	58	obl	_	_
60	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	61	cc	_	_
61	fro	fro	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	_
63	hissing	hiss	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	61	advcl	_	_
64	horribly	horribly	ADV	RB	_	63	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	71	punct	_	_
66	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	71	mark	_	_
67	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	66	fixed	_	_
68	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	71	nsubj	_	_
69	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	71	aux	_	_
70	scarcely	scarcely	ADV	RB	_	71	advmod	_	_
71	close	close	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	61	conj	_	_
72	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	73	nmod:poss	_	_
73	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	71	obj	_	_
74	for	for	ADP	IN	_	75	case	_	_
75	terror	terror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	71	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wander** | past | I | the valley |  |  | day | long *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | past | valley |  |  |  | dusk |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **creep** | past | I |  |  | a little cave |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into cave=Destination |
| 4 | **block up** | gerund · perfect | I *not said here* | the entrance | valley |  |  | with a stone | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent entrance=Destination with stone=Theme |
| 5 | **eat** | past | I | part of my little store of food |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient |
| 6 | **lay down** | infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **crawl** | past | the serpents |  |  |  | night | all *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **fro** | infinitive | the serpents *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **hiss** | gerund | the serpents *not said here* |  |  |  |  | horribly *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 11 | **close** | could | I | my eyes |  |  |  | for terror; scarcely *property* | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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