---
title: At last, overcome with weariness, I sat down upon a rock, but I had… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: At last, overcome with weariness, I sat down upon a rock, but I had hardly closed my eyes when I was startled by something which fell to the ground with a thud close beside me. Who acts: you, I. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 14, with its dependency t
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 14, sentence 34

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At last, overcome with weariness, I sat down upon a rock, but I had hardly closed my eyes when I was startled by something which fell to the ground with a thud close beside me.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, I · **What happens:** overcome, sit down, close, startle, fall · **To what, where:** last, rock, eyes, I

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:14:34
# text = At last, overcome with weariness, I sat down upon a rock, but I had hardly closed my eyes when I was startled by something which fell to the ground with a thud close beside me.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	overcome	overcome	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	weariness	weariness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
10	down	down	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	_
20	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
22	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	25	advmod	_	_
23	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	startled	startle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	advcl	_	_
26	by	by	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	25	obl	_	_
28	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	with	with	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	thud	thud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
36	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
37	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overcome** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | last |  | with weariness | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **sit down** | past | I |  |  | a rock |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon rock=Location |
| 3 | **close** | past · perfect | I | my eyes |  |  |  | hardly *property* | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient |
| 4 | **startle** | past · passive |  | I |  |  |  | by something | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 5 | **fall** | past |  |  |  |  |  | to the ground; with a thud | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to ground=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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