---
title: Here we were at the mercy of the winds and waves, which tossed us to… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Here we were at the mercy of the winds and waves, which tossed us to and fro all that day and night, but the next morning we found ourselves near an island, upon which we gladly landed. Who acts: we, winds. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 15, with its 
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 15, sentence 35

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Here we were at the mercy of the winds and waves, which tossed us to and fro all that day and night, but the next morning we found ourselves near an island, upon which we gladly landed.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** we, winds · **What happens:** be, toss, fro, find, land · **To what, where:** mercy, us, ourselves, island

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, winds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:15:35
# text = Here we were at the mercy of the winds and waves, which tossed us to and fro all that day and night, but the next morning we found ourselves near an island, upon which we gladly landed.
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	mercy	mercy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	tossed	toss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
15	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	fro	fro	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
19	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	21	det:predet	_	_
20	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
21	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
25	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl:unmarked	_	_
29	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
31	ourselves	ourselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	30	obj	_	_
32	near	near	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
36	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	40	obl	_	_
38	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
39	gladly	gladly	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
40	landed	land	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | we |  |  | the mercy and the winds and waves; here |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **toss** | past | the winds and waves | us |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Patient |
| 3 | **fro** | infinitive | the winds and waves *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **find** | past | we | ourselves |  | a island | morning |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ourselves=Topic |
| 5 | **land** | past | we |  |  |  |  | upon a island; gladly *property* | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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