--- title: His teeth were long and sharp and grinned horribly, while his lower… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics description: His teeth were long and sharp and grinned horribly, while his lower lip hung down upon his chest, and he had ears like elephant's ears, which covered his shoulders, and nails like the claws of some fierce bird. Who acts: teeth, lower lip, giant, ears. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/15/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Arabian Nights Entertainments](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/) / [Opening, part 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/15/) / 8 # The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 15, sentence 8 His teeth were long and sharp and grinned horribly, while his lower lip hung down upon his chest, and he had ears like elephant's ears, which covered his shoulders, and nails like the claws of some fierce bird. **Who acts:** teeth, lower lip, giant, ears · **What happens:** be, grin, hang down, have, cover · **To what, where:** chest, ears, shoulders This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (teeth, lower lip, giant, ears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg128:15:8 # text = His teeth were long and sharp and grinned horribly, while his lower lip hung down upon his chest, and he had ears like elephant's ears, which covered his shoulders, and nails like the claws of some fierce bird. 1 His his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _ 2 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 sharp sharp ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 grinned grin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 9 horribly horribly ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 11 while while SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 12 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 13 lower low ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 14 amod _ _ 14 lip lip NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 15 hung hang VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 16 down down ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 17 upon upon ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 chest chest NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 23 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 24 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 25 like like ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 26 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 27 's 's PART POS _ 26 case _ _ 28 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 31 nsubj _ _ 31 covered cover VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 acl:relcl _ _ 32 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 shoulders shoulder NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 36 nails nail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 37 like like ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 claws claw NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nmod _ _ 40 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 41 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 43 det _ _ 42 fierce fierce ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 44 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | giant's teeth | | | | | nails like the claws of some fierce bird *obl*; long *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | | giant's teeth *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **grin** | past | giant's teeth *not said here* | | | | | horribly *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **hang down** | past | giant's lower lip | | | giant's chest | | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon chest=Location | | 5 | **have** | past | giant | ears | | | | like elephant's ears | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient | | 6 | **cover** | past | elephant's ears | giant's shoulders | | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme shoulder=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/15/7/) - next →: [sentence 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/15/9/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/15/)