---
title: I found a clever workman, and made him cut out under my direction th… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: I found a clever workman, and made him cut out under my direction the foundation of a saddle, which I wadded and covered with choice leather, adorning it with rich gold embroidery. Who acts: I, king, foundation. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 16, with
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 16, sentence 14

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I found a clever workman, and made him cut out under my direction the foundation of a saddle, which I wadded and covered with choice leather, adorning it with rich gold embroidery.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, king, foundation · **What happens:** find, make, cut out, wad, cover, adorn · **To what, where:** clever workman, king, direction, foundation

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, king, foundation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:16:14
# text = I found a clever workman, and made him cut out under my direction the foundation of a saddle, which I wadded and covered with choice leather, adorning it with rich gold embroidery.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	workman	workman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	xcomp	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	under	under	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	foundation	foundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	saddle	saddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	wadded	wad	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	choice	choice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	adorning	adorn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
31	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	with	with	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
34	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
35	embroidery	embroidery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | I | a clever workman |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent workman=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | past | I *not said here* | king |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **cut out** | participle | king *not said here* |  |  | my direction |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **wad** | past | the foundation of a saddle |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |
| 5 | **cover** | participle | king *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with choice leather | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with leather=Theme |
| 6 | **adorn** | gerund | I *not said here* | foundation |  |  |  | with rich gold embroidery | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Destination with embroidery=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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