---
title: As he spoke the friends and relations of the unhappy pair began to a… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: As he spoke the friends and relations of the unhappy pair began to assemble. Who acts: deal, friends. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 16, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/16/34/)

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 16, sentence 34

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As he spoke the friends and relations of the unhappy pair began to assemble.

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**Who acts:** deal, friends · **What happens:** speak, begin, assemble · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (deal, friends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:16:34
# text = As he spoke the friends and relations of the unhappy pair began to assemble.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	relations	relation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	assemble	assemble	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | deal |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the friends and relations of the unhappy pair |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **assemble** | to-infinitive | the friends and relations of the unhappy pair *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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