---
title: Here I lived in darkness and misery until my provisions were exhaust… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Here I lived in darkness and misery until my provisions were exhausted, but just as I was nearly dead from starvation the rock was rolled away overhead and I saw that a bier was being lowered into the cavern, and that the corpse upon it was a man. Who acts: I, corpse, my. A sentence of «The Arabian 
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 16, sentence 57

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Here I lived in darkness and misery until my provisions were exhausted, but just as I was nearly dead from starvation the rock was rolled away overhead and I saw that a bier was being lowered into the cavern, and that the corpse upon it was a man.

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**Who acts:** I, corpse, my · **What happens:** live, exhaust, be, roll away, see, lower · **To what, where:** darkness, provisions, rock, starvation, bier, cavern · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, corpse, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:16:57
# text = Here I lived in darkness and misery until my provisions were exhausted, but just as I was nearly dead from starvation the rock was rolled away overhead and I saw that a bier was being lowered into the cavern, and that the corpse upon it was a man.
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	misery	misery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	provisions	provision	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	exhausted	exhaust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
15	just	just	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
16	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	starvation	starvation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	rolled	roll	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	conj	_	_
27	away	away	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
28	overhead	overhead	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
32	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	bier	bier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj:pass	_	_
35	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux:pass	_	_
36	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	37	aux:pass	_	_
37	lowered	lower	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	ccomp	_	_
38	into	into	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	cavern	cavern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
43	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	50	mark	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	corpse	corpse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	nsubj	_	_
46	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nmod	_	_
48	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	50	cop	_	_
49	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | I |  |  | darkness and misery; here |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in darkness=Location |
| 2 | **exhaust** | past · passive |  | my provisions |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | past | I |  |  |  |  | dead, nearly *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **roll away** | past · passive |  | the rock |  | starvation |  | away, overhead *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme from starvation=Trajectory |
| 5 | **see** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 6 | **lower** | past · passive |  | a bier |  | the cavern |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme into cavern=Destination |
| 7 | **is a** | past | the corpse upon cavern | a man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **provide** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom provision «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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