---
title: When I was sure that I was not dreaming, I realised that it was doub… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: When I was sure that I was not dreaming, I realised that it was doubtless some little animal which had found its way into the cavern from the sea, and when disturbed had fled, showing me a means of escape which I could never have discovered for myself. Who acts: I, glimmer, a. A sentence of «The Ara
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 16, sentence 64

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When I was sure that I was not dreaming, I realised that it was doubtless some little animal which had found its way into the cavern from the sea, and when disturbed had fled, showing me a means of escape which I could never have discovered for myself.

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**Who acts:** I, glimmer, a · **What happens:** be, not dream, realise, find, disturb, flee · **To what, where:** little animal, cavern, me, escape

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, glimmer, a), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:16:64
# text = When I was sure that I was not dreaming, I realised that it was doubtless some little animal which had found its way into the cavern from the sea, and when disturbed had fled, showing me a means of escape which I could never have discovered for myself.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	dreaming	dream	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	realised	realise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	doubtless	doubtless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
17	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	19	det	_	_
18	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
20	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl:relcl	_	_
23	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	into	into	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	cavern	cavern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
28	from	from	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
33	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	34	mark	_	_
34	disturbed	disturb	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	advcl	_	_
35	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
36	fled	flee	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
38	showing	show	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	36	conj	_	_
39	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	38	iobj	_	_
40	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	41	nsubj	_	_
41	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	parataxis	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	escape	escape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
44	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	49	obj	_	_
45	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	49	nsubj	_	_
46	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	49	aux	_	_
47	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	49	advmod	_	_
48	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	49	aux	_	_
49	discovered	discover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	43	acl:relcl	_	_
50	for	for	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	myself	myself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	49	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | I |  |  |  |  | sure *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **dream** | past · progressive | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **realise** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | glimmer |  |  |  |  | doubtless *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **find** | past · perfect · passive |  | some little animal |  | the cavern from the sea |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme way=Attribute |
| 6 | **disturb** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 7 | **flee** | past · perfect |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **show** | gerund |  |  | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |
| 9 | **mean** | present | a |  |  |  |  | of escape | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 10 | **not** **discover** | could · perfect | I | escape |  |  |  | for myself | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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