---
title: The chief city is placed at the end of a beautiful valley, formed by… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: The chief city is placed at the end of a beautiful valley, formed by the highest mountain in the world, which is in the middle of the island. Who acts: highest mountain. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 18, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 18, sentence 11

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The chief city is placed at the end of a beautiful valley, formed by the highest mountain in the world, which is in the middle of the island.

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**Who acts:** highest mountain · **What happens:** place, form, be · **To what, where:** chief city, end, middle

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (highest mountain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:18:11
# text = The chief city is placed at the end of a beautiful valley, formed by the highest mountain in the world, which is in the middle of the island.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	chief	chief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	18	amod	_	_
18	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **place** | present · passive |  | the chief city |  |  | at the end of a beautiful valley |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme at end=Destination |
| 2 | **form** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by the highest mountain in the world and the middle | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by mountain=Location |
| 3 | **is** | present | the highest mountain in the world and the middle |  |  | the middle |  | of the island | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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