---
title: Whereupon I turned and made for the city as fast as I could go, not… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Whereupon I turned and made for the city as fast as I could go, not seeing a single elephant by the way, which convinced me that they had retired deeper into the forest to leave the way open to the Ivory Hill, and I did not know how sufficiently to admire their sagacity. Who acts: I, way, elephants.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 18, sentence 87

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whereupon I turned and made for the city as fast as I could go, not seeing a single elephant by the way, which convinced me that they had retired deeper into the forest to leave the way open to the Ivory Hill, and I did not know how sufficiently to admire their sagacity.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, way, elephants · **What happens:** turn, make, go, not see, convince, retire · **To what, where:** single elephant, me, forest, way, Ivory Hill, sagacity · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, way, elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:18:87
# text = Whereupon I turned and made for the city as fast as I could go, not seeing a single elephant by the way, which convinced me that they had retired deeper into the forest to leave the way open to the Ivory Hill, and I did not know how sufficiently to admire their sagacity.
1	Whereupon	whereupon	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	as	as	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
26	convinced	convince	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	_
27	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
29	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
30	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	retired	retire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	26	ccomp	_	_
32	deeper	deep	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	31	xcomp	_	_
33	into	into	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
36	to	to	PART	TO	_	37	mark	_	_
37	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	advcl	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	_
40	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	xcomp	_	_
41	to	to	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
43	Ivory	Ivory	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	compound	_	_
44	Hill	Hill	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
47	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	50	nsubj	_	_
48	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	50	aux	_	_
49	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	50	advmod	_	_
50	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
51	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	52	advmod	_	_
52	sufficiently	sufficiently	ADV	RB	_	54	advmod	_	_
53	to	to	PART	TO	_	54	mark	_	_
54	admire	admire	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	50	ccomp	_	_
55	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	56	nmod:poss	_	_
56	sagacity	sagacity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | I |  |  |  |  | whereupon *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the city; fast *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent for city=Asset |
| 3 | **go** | could | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **see** | gerund | I *not said here* | a single elephant |  |  |  | by the way | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer elephant=Stimulus |
| 5 | **convince** | past | the way | me |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Patient clause=Result |
| 6 | **retire** | past · perfect | elephants *= elephant* |  |  | the forest |  | deep *property* | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **leave** | to-infinitive | elephants *= elephant* *not said here* | the way | the Ivory Hill |  |  | open *property* | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent way=Theme to hill=Recipient |
| 8 | **not** **know** | past · do-support | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 9 | **admire** | to-infinitive |  | elephants's sagacity |  |  |  | sufficiently *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sagacity=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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