---
title: As to my adventure among the elephants he heard it with amazement, d… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: As to my adventure among the elephants he heard it with amazement, declaring that he could not have believed it had not my truthfulness been well known to him. Who acts: Bagdad, my. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 19, with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 19, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As to my adventure among the elephants he heard it with amazement, declaring that he could not have believed it had not my truthfulness been well known to him.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bagdad, my · **What happens:** hear, declare, not believe, not know, adventure · **To what, where:** adventure, Bagdad

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bagdad, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:19:11
# text = As to my adventure among the elephants he heard it with amazement, declaring that he could not have believed it had not my truthfulness been well known to him.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	4	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	adventure	adventure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
5	among	among	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	amazement	amazement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	declaring	declare	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
19	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux	_	_
20	believed	believe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	advcl	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
24	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
25	truthfulness	truthfulness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	28	aux:pass	_	_
27	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	28	advmod	_	_
28	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	parataxis	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Bagdad | adventure |  |  |  | as my adventure among the elephants; with amazement | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 2 | **declare** *speech: other* | gerund | Bagdad *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **believe** | could · perfect · passive |  | Bagdad |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 4 | **not** **know** | past · perfect · passive |  | adventure | Bagdad |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
| 5 | **adventure** |  | my |  |  |  |  | among the elephants | nom adventure «act transitive»: poss=agent among=obl |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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