---
title: A light! a light!" he cried again, and when it was brought and he sa… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: A light! a light!" he cried again, and when it was brought and he saw what he had done he was almost beside himself with terror. Who acts: light, doctor. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 19, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 19, sentence 39

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A light! a light!" he cried again, and when it was brought and he saw what he had done he was almost beside himself with terror.

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**Who acts:** light, doctor · **What happens:** cry, bring, see, do, be · **To what, where:** light · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (light, doctor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:19:39
# text = A light! a light!" he cried again, and when it was brought and he saw what he had done he was almost beside himself with terror.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
20	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	23	obj	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	ccomp	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
26	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
27	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	23	obl	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	terror	terror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* *in a quote* | past | a light and a light |  |  |  | again |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bring** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | light |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **see** *in a quote* | past | doctor |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **do** *in a quote* | past · perfect | doctor |  |  |  |  | with terror | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 5 | **is** *in a quote* | past | doctor |  |  |  |  | beside doctor; almost *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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