---
title: I have killed the sick man whom they brought me; and if the sacred A… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: I have killed the sick man whom they brought me; and if the sacred Ass of Esdras does not come to my aid I am lost! Who acts: man, sacred Ass. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 19, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 19, sentence 41

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I have killed the sick man whom they brought me; and if the sacred Ass of Esdras does not come to my aid I am lost!

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**Who acts:** man, sacred Ass · **What happens:** kill, bring, not come, lose · **To what, where:** I, me, sick man, aid

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, sacred Ass), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:19:41
# text = I have killed the sick man whom they brought me; and if the sacred Ass of Esdras does not come to my aid I am lost!
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	obj	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
13	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	sacred	sacred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	Ass	ass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Esdras	Esdras	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | present · perfect · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer man=Result |
| 2 | **bring** | past | man | me | the sick man |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent whom=Destination i=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **come** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · do-support | the sacred Ass of Esdras |  |  | my aid |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to aid=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **lose** | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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