---
title: I smile with joy at seeing him still alive, and I weep to think of h… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: I smile with joy at seeing him still alive, and I weep to think of his mother, who was sacrificed yesterday as a cow. Who acts: I. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 2, sentence 119

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I smile with joy at seeing him still alive, and I weep to think of his mother, who was sacrificed yesterday as a cow.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** smile, see, weep, think, sacrifice · **To what, where:** calf, mother

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:2:119
# text = I smile with joy at seeing him still alive, and I weep to think of his mother, who was sacrificed yesterday as a cow.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	smile	smile	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	still	still	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	weep	weep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	sacrificed	sacrifice	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl:relcl	_	_
23	yesterday	yesterday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl:unmarked	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smile** | present | I |  |  |  |  | with joy | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | gerund | I *not said here* | calf |  |  |  | alive *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 3 | **weep** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of calf's mother | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **sacrifice** | past · passive |  | calf's mother |  |  | yesterday | as a cow | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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