---
title: When the merchant saw that the genius was determined to cut off his… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: When the merchant saw that the genius was determined to cut off his head, he said: "One word more, I entreat you. Who acts: merchant, genius. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 2, sentence 31

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When the merchant saw that the genius was determined to cut off his head, he said: "One word more, I entreat you.

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**Who acts:** merchant, genius · **What happens:** see, be, cut off, say, entreat · **To what, where:** head, One word, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchant, genius), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:2:31
# text = When the merchant saw that the genius was determined to cut off his head, he said: "One word more, I entreat you.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	genius	genius	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	determined	determined	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	off	off	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	21	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	entreat	entreat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
26	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the merchant |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | past | the genius |  |  |  |  | determined *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cut off** | to-infinitive | the genius *not said here* | genius's head |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector head=Eventuality |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | merchant | One word |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **entreat** *in a quote* | present | merchant |  | you |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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