---
title: The chief of police and the crowd of spectators were lost in astonis… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: The chief of police and the crowd of spectators were lost in astonishment at the strange events to which the death of the hunchback had given rise. Who acts: hunchback. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 20, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 20, sentence 15

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The chief of police and the crowd of spectators were lost in astonishment at the strange events to which the death of the hunchback had given rise.

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**Who acts:** hunchback · **What happens:** lose, give, die · **To what, where:** chief, astonishment, death

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hunchback), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:20:15
# text = The chief of police and the crowd of spectators were lost in astonishment at the strange events to which the death of the hunchback had given rise.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	spectators	spectator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	events	event	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	obl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	hunchback	hunchback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl:relcl	_	_
27	rise	rise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past · passive |  | the chief of police and the crowd of spectators |  | astonishment |  | at the strange events | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **give** | past · perfect · passive |  | the death of the hunchback |  |  |  | to the strange events | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient rise=Theme |
| 3 | **die** |  | the hunchback |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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