---
title: At first the violence of his fall caused him to lose consciousness,… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: At first the violence of his fall caused him to lose consciousness, but luckily the salt which had been rubbed into his wounds had by its smarting preserved his life, and little by little he regained his strength. Who acts: violence, door, salt, smarting. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainm
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 21, sentence 30

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At first the violence of his fall caused him to lose consciousness, but luckily the salt which had been rubbed into his wounds had by its smarting preserved his life, and little by little he regained his strength.

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**Who acts:** violence, door, salt, smarting · **What happens:** cause, lose, rub, have, preserve, regain · **To what, where:** door, consciousness, salt, wounds, life, little

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (violence, door, salt, smarting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:21:30
# text = At first the violence of his fall caused him to lose consciousness, but luckily the salt which had been rubbed into his wounds had by its smarting preserved his life, and little by little he regained his strength.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	violence	violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	lose	lose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
12	consciousness	consciousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
15	luckily	luckily	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl:relcl	_	_
22	into	into	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	wounds	wound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
25	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
26	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
27	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	smarting	smarting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
29	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	advcl	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
34	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	obl:unmarked	_	_
35	by	by	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	little	little	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	38	obl	_	_
37	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
38	regained	regain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
39	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | the violence of violence's fall | door |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | to-infinitive | door *not said here* | consciousness |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consciousness=Eventuality |
| 3 | **rub** | past · perfect · passive |  | the salt |  | door's wounds |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme into wound=Destination |
| 4 | **have** | past | the salt |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **preserve** | past | salt's smarting | door's life |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Beneficiary |
| 6 | **regain** | past | door | little |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strength=Theme |
| 7 | **wound** |  | door |  |  |  |  |  | nom wound «state transitive»: poss=agent |
| 8 | **smart** |  | salt |  |  |  |  |  | nom smarting «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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