---
title: So my brother began at the beginning and related all his adventures,… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: So my brother began at the beginning and related all his adventures, and how he had avenged himself on those who had betrayed him. Who acts: brother, judge. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 21, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 21, sentence 78

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So my brother began at the beginning and related all his adventures, and how he had avenged himself on those who had betrayed him.

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**Who acts:** brother, judge · **What happens:** begin, relate, avenge, betray, adventure · **To what, where:** beginning, adventures, judge, those

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brother, judge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:21:78
# text = So my brother began at the beginning and related all his adventures, and how he had avenged himself on those who had betrayed him.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	related	relate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	12	det:predet	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	adventures	adventure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	avenged	avenge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
19	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	18	obj	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	18	obl	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
23	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	betrayed	betray	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	acl:relcl	_	_
25	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | my brother |  |  |  | at the beginning |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **relate** | past | my brother *not said here* | judge's adventures |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adventure=Theme |
| 3 | **avenge** | past · perfect | judge | judge |  | those |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **betray** | past · perfect |  | judge |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **adventure** |  | judge |  |  |  |  |  | nom adventure «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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