---
title: In fact, he had but one grievance, which was that none of his four w… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: In fact, he had but one grievance, which was that none of his four wives had given him an heir. Who acts: Schahzaman. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 22, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 22, sentence 64

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In fact, he had but one grievance, which was that none of his four wives had given him an heir.

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**Who acts:** Schahzaman · **What happens:** have, give · **To what, where:** one grievance, fact, none

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 22. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Schahzaman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:22:64
# text = In fact, he had but one grievance, which was that none of his four wives had given him an heir.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	grievance	grievance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	obj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
13	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	wives	wife	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	heir	heir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Schahzaman | one grievance |  | fact |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grievance=Patient |
| 2 | **give** | past · perfect · passive |  | none |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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