---
title: At length, having gazed long without being able to come to a decisio… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: At length, having gazed long without being able to come to a decision, he said Who acts: length, Caschcasch. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 23, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 23, sentence 81

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At length, having gazed long without being able to come to a decision, he said

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**Who acts:** length, Caschcasch · **What happens:** have, gaze, be, come, say · **To what, where:** decision, length · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 23. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (length, Caschcasch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:23:81
# text = At length, having gazed long without being able to come to a decision, he said
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	gazed	gaze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	_
6	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
7	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	cop	_	_
9	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | length *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **gaze** | participle | length *not said here* |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | gerund | length *not said here* |  |  |  |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **come** | to-infinitive | length *not said here* |  |  | a decision |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to decision=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Caschcasch |  |  | length |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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