---
title: Surprised at finding a lady so near him, he raised himself on one ar… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Surprised at finding a lady so near him, he raised himself on one arm to look at her. Who acts: Camaralzaman. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 23, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 23, sentence 86

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Surprised at finding a lady so near him, he raised himself on one arm to look at her.

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**Who acts:** Camaralzaman · **What happens:** find, raise, look · **To what, where:** lady, Camaralzaman, one arm

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 23. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Camaralzaman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:23:86
# text = Surprised at finding a lady so near him, he raised himself on one arm to look at her.
1	Surprised	surprised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	finding	find	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	near	near	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
12	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | gerund |  | a lady |  |  |  | near Camaralzaman | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lady=Topic |
| 2 | **raise** | past | Camaralzaman | Camaralzaman |  | one arm |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent himself=Theme on arm=Destination |
| 3 | **look** | to-infinitive | Camaralzaman *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at lady | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at she=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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