--- title: The gardener, a good old man, who was at work, happened to look up,… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics description: The gardener, a good old man, who was at work, happened to look up, and, seeing a stranger, whom he recognised by his dress as a Mussulman, he told him to come in at once and to shut the door. Who acts: good old man, gardener. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/25/100/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Arabian Nights Entertainments](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/) / [Opening, part 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/25/) / 100 # The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 25, sentence 100 The gardener, a good old man, who was at work, happened to look up, and, seeing a stranger, whom he recognised by his dress as a Mussulman, he told him to come in at once and to shut the door. **Who acts:** good old man, gardener · **What happens:** be, happen, look up, see, recognise, tell · **To what, where:** work, stranger, strength, door · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (good old man, gardener), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg128:25:100 # text = The gardener, a good old man, who was at work, happened to look up, and, seeing a stranger, whom he recognised by his dress as a Mussulman, he told him to come in at once and to shut the door. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 gardener gardener NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 5 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 6 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 9 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 10 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 11 at at ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 work work NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 14 happened happen VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 15 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 16 look look VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 xcomp _ _ 17 up up ADP RP _ 16 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 seeing see VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 36 ccomp _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 stranger stranger NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 whom whom PRON WP PronType=Rel 27 obj _ _ 26 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 recognised recognise VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 acl:relcl _ _ 28 by by ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ _ 30 dress dress NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 31 as as ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 Mussulman Mussulman PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 35 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 36 told tell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 37 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 iobj _ _ 38 to to PART TO _ 39 mark _ _ 39 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 36 xcomp _ _ 40 in in ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 41 at at ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 39 obl _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 44 to to PART TO _ 45 mark _ _ 45 shut shut VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 39 conj _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 door door NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 48 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | a good old man | | | work | | | tree rules | | 2 | **happen** | past | the gardener | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **look up** | to-infinitive | the gardener *not said here* | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 4 | **see** | gerund | | a stranger | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer stranger=Stimulus | | 5 | **recognise** | past | gardener | a stranger | | | | by gardener's dress; as a Mussulman | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer whom=Stimulus as mussulman=Attribute | | 6 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | gardener | | strength | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | | 7 | **come in** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | gardener *not said here* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at once=Location | | 8 | **shut** | to-infinitive | gardener *not said here* | the door | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent door=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 99](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/25/99/) - next →: [sentence 101](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/25/101/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/25/)