---
title: Having finished this note the prince carefully enclosed the ring in… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Having finished this note the prince carefully enclosed the ring in it without letting the eunuch see it, and gave him the letter, saying: Who acts: Having, eunuch. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 25, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 25, sentence 40

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Having finished this note the prince carefully enclosed the ring in it without letting the eunuch see it, and gave him the letter, saying:

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**Who acts:** Having, eunuch · **What happens:** have, finish, enclose, let, see, give · **To what, where:** finished note, ring, eunuch, letter, Prince · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Having, eunuch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:25:40
# text = Having finished this note the prince carefully enclosed the ring in it without letting the eunuch see it, and gave him the letter, saying:
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
7	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	enclosed	enclose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
13	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	letting	let	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	eunuch	eunuch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	iobj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | this finished note |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **finish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **enclose** | past | Having | the ring |  | ring |  | carefully *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ring=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **let** | gerund | Having *not said here* | the eunuch |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **see** | infinitive | the eunuch *not said here* | ring |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 6 | **give** | past | Having *not said here* | the letter | Prince |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient letter=Theme |
| 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Having *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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