---
title: "Madam, a new astrologer has arrived, who declares that you will be… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: "Madam, a new astrologer has arrived, who declares that you will be cured as soon as you have read this letter and seen what it contains." Who acts: new astrologer, Madam, you, letter. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 25, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 25, sentence 43

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Madam, a new astrologer has arrived, who declares that you will be cured as soon as you have read this letter and seen what it contains."

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** new astrologer, Madam, you, letter · **What happens:** arrive, declare, cure, read, see, contain · **To what, where:** Madam, you, letter · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (new astrologer, Madam, you, letter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:25:43
# text = "Madam, a new astrologer has arrived, who declares that you will be cured as soon as you have read this letter and seen what it contains."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Madam	madam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	astrologer	astrologer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	declares	declare	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	cured	cure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	_
17	as	as	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	16	advmod	_	_
19	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
23	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	24	det	_	_
24	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	conj	_	_
27	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	29	obj	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	contains	contain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** *in a quote* | present · perfect | a new astrologer | Madam *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **declare** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present | Madam |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **cure** *in a quote* | future · passive |  | you |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Source |
| 4 | **read** *in a quote* | present · perfect | you | this letter |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Topic |
| 5 | **see** *in a quote* | participle | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 6 | **contain** *in a quote* | present | letter |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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