---
title: Overwhelmed by hunger, thirst, fatigue and sleep, he ended by spendi… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Overwhelmed by hunger, thirst, fatigue and sleep, he ended by spending the night at the foot of the tree. Who acts: strength. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 25, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 25, sentence 94

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Overwhelmed by hunger, thirst, fatigue and sleep, he ended by spending the night at the foot of the tree.

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**Who acts:** strength · **What happens:** overwhelm, end, spend · **To what, where:** foot

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (strength), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:25:94
# text = Overwhelmed by hunger, thirst, fatigue and sleep, he ended by spending the night at the foot of the tree.
1	Overwhelmed	overwhelm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	hunger	hunger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	thirst	thirst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	fatigue	fatigue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
13	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	spending	spend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overwhelm** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by hunger and thirst | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **end** | past | strength |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **spend** | gerund | strength *not said here* |  |  | the foot of the tree | night |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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