---
title: Much cast down, he entered the town, which was built near the sea an… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Much cast down, he entered the town, which was built near the sea and had a fine harbour. Who acts: you, strength. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 25, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 25, sentence 98

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Much cast down, he entered the town, which was built near the sea and had a fine harbour.

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**Who acts:** you, strength · **What happens:** cast down, enter, build, have · **To what, where:** town, sea, fine harbour

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, strength), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:25:98
# text = Much cast down, he entered the town, which was built near the sea and had a fine harbour.
1	Much	much	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	cast	cast	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	entered	enter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
13	near	near	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	harbour	harbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cast down** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **enter** | past | strength | the town |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme town=Destination |
| 3 | **build** | past · passive |  | the town |  | the sea |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 4 | **have** | past | strength *not said here* | a fine harbour |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harbour=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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