---
title: The gardener told him to cut down an old fruit tree which had quite… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: The gardener told him to cut down an old fruit tree which had quite died away, and Camaralzaman took an axe and fell to vigorously. Who acts: gardener, old fruit tree, Camaralzaman. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 26, with its dependency tree and the p
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/26/53/)

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 26, sentence 53

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The gardener told him to cut down an old fruit tree which had quite died away, and Camaralzaman took an axe and fell to vigorously.

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**Who acts:** gardener, old fruit tree, Camaralzaman · **What happens:** tell, cut down, die away, take, fall · **To what, where:** Prince, old fruit tree, axe · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gardener, old fruit tree, Camaralzaman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:26:53
# text = The gardener told him to cut down an old fruit tree which had quite died away, and Camaralzaman took an axe and fell to vigorously.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gardener	gardener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	died	die	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	acl:relcl	_	_
16	away	away	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	Camaralzaman	Camaralzaman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
21	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	vigorously	vigorously	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the gardener |  | Prince |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cut down** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the gardener *not said here* | a old fruit tree |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tree=Product |
| 3 | **die away** | past · perfect | a old fruit tree |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **take** | past | Camaralzaman | a axe |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent axe=Theme |
| 5 | **fall** | past | Camaralzaman *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vigorously *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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