---
title: Delighted with his discovery he left the cave, replaced the slab, an… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Delighted with his discovery he left the cave, replaced the slab, and having finished cutting down the tree waited for the gardener's return. Who acts: Prince, gardener. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 26, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 26, sentence 58

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Delighted with his discovery he left the cave, replaced the slab, and having finished cutting down the tree waited for the gardener's return.

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**Who acts:** Prince, gardener · **What happens:** leave, replace, finish, cut down, wait, discover · **To what, where:** cave, slab, tree

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prince, gardener), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Checked tree.** This sentence is in the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3 (`gutenberg:pg128:2171`): parsed by Mova, then checked and patched by a teacher model under UD validation gates — Mova annot: Rust (en) → Claude Opus (medium) patches; gates UD 2.18.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:26:58
# text = Delighted with his discovery he left the cave, replaced the slab, and having finished cutting down the tree waited for the gardener's return.
1	Delighted	delighted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	discovery	discovery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	replaced	replace	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	slab	slab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
15	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	aux	_	_
16	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
17	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	xcomp	_	_
18	down	down	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
21	waited	wait	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	gardener	gardener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod:poss	_	_
25	's	's	PART	POS	_	24	case	_	_
26	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | Prince | the cave |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cave=Theme |
| 2 | **replace** | past | Prince *not said here* | the slab |  |  |  |  | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme slab=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **finish** | gerund · perfect |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **cut down** | gerund |  | the tree |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tree=Product |
| 5 | **wait** | past | Prince *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the gardener's return | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **discover** |  | Prince |  |  |  |  |  | nom discovery «act transitive»: poss=agent |
| 7 | **return** |  | the gardener |  |  |  |  |  | nom return «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3, Apache-2.0 OR MIT. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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