---
title: They belong to a merchant who was left behind, as in spite of waitin… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: They belong to a merchant who was left behind, as in spite of waiting for him he delayed so long that I was obliged to set sail without him." Who acts: olives, spite. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 27, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 27, sentence 5

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They belong to a merchant who was left behind, as in spite of waiting for him he delayed so long that I was obliged to set sail without him."

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**Who acts:** olives, spite · **What happens:** belong, leave behind, wait, delay, oblige, set · **To what, where:** merchant, I, sail

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 27. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (olives, spite), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:27:5
# text = They belong to a merchant who was left behind, as in spite of waiting for him he delayed so long that I was obliged to set sail without him."
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	belong	belong	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	spite	spite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
14	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	waiting	wait	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	delayed	delay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
20	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
23	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	obliged	oblige	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	advcl	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	_
28	sail	sail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
29	without	without	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | present | olives *= olive* |  |  |  |  | to a merchant | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **leave behind** | past · passive |  | a merchant |  |  |  | behind *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **wait** | gerund | spite *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for spite | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **delay** | past | spite |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **oblige** | past · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result |
| 6 | **set** | to-infinitive |  | sail |  |  |  | without spite | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient sail=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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