---
title: Alas! hitherto it has been only a source of misfortune to me, being… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Alas! hitherto it has been only a source of misfortune to me, being the cause of my separation from the one I love best on earth. Who acts: use, I, my. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 27, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 27, sentence 63

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Alas! hitherto it has been only a source of misfortune to me, being the cause of my separation from the one I love best on earth.

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**Who acts:** use, I, my · **What happens:** be, love, separate · **To what, where:** source, cause, earth

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 27. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (use, I, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:27:63
# text = Alas! hitherto it has been only a source of misfortune to me, being the cause of my separation from the one I love best on earth.
1	Alas	alas	INTJ	UH	_	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	cop	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	cop	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	separation	separation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	love	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	parataxis	_	_
26	best	well	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	25	advmod	_	_
27	on	on	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present · perfect | use | a source |  |  |  | of misfortune to me; hitherto *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | gerund |  | the cause |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **love** | present | I |  |  | earth |  | of my separation from the one; well *property* | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **separate** |  | my |  |  |  |  | from the one | nom separation «state intransitive»: poss=agent from=obl |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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