---
title: Before bidding adieu to the fair Persian, he said to her: "No happin… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Before bidding adieu to the fair Persian, he said to her: "No happiness can be greater than what I have procured for you; judge for yourself, you now belong to the king. Who acts: merchant, happiness, Khacan. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 28, with it
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 28, sentence 13

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Before bidding adieu to the fair Persian, he said to her: "No happiness can be greater than what I have procured for you; judge for yourself, you now belong to the king.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** merchant, happiness, Khacan · **What happens:** bid, say, be, procure, judge, belong · **To what, where:** adieu, Khacan · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchant, happiness, Khacan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:28:13
# text = Before bidding adieu to the fair Persian, he said to her: "No happiness can be greater than what I have procured for you; judge for yourself, you now belong to the king.
1	Before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	bidding	bid	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
3	adieu	adieu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Persian	Persian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	16	det	_	_
16	happiness	happiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
17	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	cop	_	_
19	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	parataxis	_	_
20	than	than	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	obl	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	procured	procure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	acl:relcl	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	judge	judge	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
29	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
33	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	34	advmod	_	_
34	belong	belong	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bid** | gerund | merchant *not said here* | adieu |  |  |  | to the fair Persian | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | merchant |  | Khacan |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to she=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | can | no happiness |  |  |  |  | great *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **procure** *in a quote* | present · perfect | merchant |  |  |  |  | for Khacan | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for you=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **judge** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for Khacan | vn captain-29.8 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for yourself=Beneficiary |
| 6 | **belong** *in a quote* | present | Khacan |  |  |  | now | to the king | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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