---
title: Much astonished to see the vizir's wife enter in tears, the Persian… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Much astonished to see the vizir's wife enter in tears, the Persian asked what misfortune had happened. Who acts: astonished, Persian. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 28, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 28, sentence 37

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Much astonished to see the vizir's wife enter in tears, the Persian asked what misfortune had happened.

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**Who acts:** astonished, Persian · **What happens:** see, enter, ask, happen · **To what, where:** wife, tears · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (astonished, Persian), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:28:37
# text = Much astonished to see the vizir's wife enter in tears, the Persian asked what misfortune had happened.
1	Much	much	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	astonished	astonished	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	vizir	vizir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
9	enter	enter	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Persian	Persian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
16	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	19	nsubj	_	_
17	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | to-infinitive | astonished *not said here* | the vizir's wife |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wife=Stimulus |
| 2 | **enter** | present | astonished |  |  | tears |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the Persian | tears *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent tear=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **happen** | past · perfect |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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