---
title: This smoke rose up to the clouds, and stretching over the sea and th… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: This smoke rose up to the clouds, and stretching over the sea and the shore, formed a thick mist, which caused the fisherman much astonishment. Who acts: smoke, thick mist. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 3, sentence 81

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This smoke rose up to the clouds, and stretching over the sea and the shore, formed a thick mist, which caused the fisherman much astonishment.

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**Who acts:** smoke, thick mist · **What happens:** rise up, stretch, form, cause · **To what, where:** clouds, sea, thick mist, fisherman

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smoke, thick mist), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:3:81
# text = This smoke rose up to the clouds, and stretching over the sea and the shore, formed a thick mist, which caused the fisherman much astonishment.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
10	stretching	stretch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
11	over	over	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
18	formed	form	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	mist	mist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
24	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	fisherman	fisherman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise up** | past | this smoke |  |  | the clouds |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to cloud=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **stretch** | gerund |  |  |  | the sea and the shore |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over sea=Location |
| 3 | **form** | past | this smoke *not said here* | a thick mist |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mist=Theme |
| 4 | **cause** | past | a thick mist | the fisherman and much astonishment |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fisherman=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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