---
title: Beneath this stone lies a treasure which is to be yours, and no one… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Beneath this stone lies a treasure which is to be yours, and no one else may touch it, so you must do exactly as I tell you." Who acts: treasure, one, you, I. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 30, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 30, sentence 117

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beneath this stone lies a treasure which is to be yours, and no one else may touch it, so you must do exactly as I tell you."

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**Who acts:** treasure, one, you, I · **What happens:** lie, be, touch, do, tell · **To what, where:** stone, yours, treasure, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (treasure, one, you, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:30:117
# text = Beneath this stone lies a treasure which is to be yours, and no one else may touch it, so you must do exactly as I tell you."
1	Beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
4	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
11	yours	your	PRON	PRP	Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	15	det	_	_
15	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
16	else	else	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	touch	touch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
22	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
25	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
26	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	tell	tell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	ccomp	_	_
29	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	28	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | present |  |  |  | this stone |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beneath stone=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a treasure | yours |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **touch** | may | no one | treasure |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **do** | must | you |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | I |  | you |  |  | exactly *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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