---
title: The Caliph then gave this letter to Noureddin, who immediately set o… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: The Caliph then gave this letter to Noureddin, who immediately set off, with only what little money he possessed when Sangiar came to his assistance. Who acts: Caliph, letter, money, Sangiar. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 30, with its dependency tree
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 30, sentence 36

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Caliph then gave this letter to Noureddin, who immediately set off, with only what little money he possessed when Sangiar came to his assistance.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Caliph, letter, money, Sangiar · **What happens:** give, set off, possess, come, assist · **To what, where:** letter, Noureddin, little money, assistance

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Caliph, letter, money, Sangiar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:30:36
# text = The Caliph then gave this letter to Noureddin, who immediately set off, with only what little money he possessed when Sangiar came to his assistance.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Caliph	Caliph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Noureddin	Noureddin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	immediately	immediately	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	set	set	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
13	off	off	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	only	only	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	parataxis	_	_
18	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	possessed	possess	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
22	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	24	advmod	_	_
23	Sangiar	Sangiar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the Caliph | this letter | Noureddin |  | then |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent letter=Theme to noureddin=Recipient |
| 2 | **set off** | present | this letter |  |  |  |  | immediately *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **possess** | past | money | little money *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot money=Theme |
| 4 | **come** | past | Sangiar |  |  | Sangiar's assistance |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to assistance=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **assist** |  | Sangiar |  |  |  |  |  | nom assistance «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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