---
title: Saouy suspected who they might be, and urged the king to give the si… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Saouy suspected who they might be, and urged the king to give the signal for the execution without delay, but this the king refused to do till he knew who the horsemen were. Who acts: Saouy, king, horsemen. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 30, with its 
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 30, sentence 79

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saouy suspected who they might be, and urged the king to give the signal for the execution without delay, but this the king refused to do till he knew who the horsemen were.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Saouy, king, horsemen · **What happens:** suspect, be, urge, give, refuse, not do · **To what, where:** king, signal · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saouy, king, horsemen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:30:79
# text = Saouy suspected who they might be, and urged the king to give the signal for the execution without delay, but this the king refused to do till he knew who the horsemen were.
1	Saouy	Saouy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	suspected	suspect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	ccomp	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	urged	urge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	signal	signal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	execution	execution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
19	without	without	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	delay	delay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
23	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	25	det	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
29	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	advcl	_	_
32	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	31	ccomp	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	horsemen	horseman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	_
35	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suspect** | past | Saouy |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | infinitive | Saouy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **urge** | past | Saouy *not said here* | the king |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent king=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **give** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Saouy *not said here* | the signal |  |  |  | for the execution; without delay | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent signal=Theme for execution=Asset |
| 5 | **refuse** | past | this king |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 6 | **not** **do** | to-infinitive | this king *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **know** | past | Saouy |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 8 | **is a** | past | the horsemen |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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