---
title: She hesitated, so the Sultan sent away all but the vizir, and bade h… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: She hesitated, so the Sultan sent away all but the vizir, and bade her speak freely, promising to forgive her beforehand for anything she might say. Who acts: woman, Sultan. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 31, with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 31, sentence 56

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She hesitated, so the Sultan sent away all but the vizir, and bade her speak freely, promising to forgive her beforehand for anything she might say.

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**Who acts:** woman, Sultan · **What happens:** hesitate, send away, promise, forgive, say · **To what, where:** bade, vizir, woman · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, Sultan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:31:56
# text = She hesitated, so the Sultan sent away all but the vizir, and bade her speak freely, promising to forgive her beforehand for anything she might say.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hesitated	hesitate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Sultan	Sultan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	all	all	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	vizir	vizir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	bade	bade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
16	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	speak	speak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	freely	freely	ADV	RB	_	15	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	promising	promise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	forgive	forgive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	beforehand	beforehand	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	22	obl	_	_
27	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hesitate** | past | woman | bade |  |  |  |  | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **send away** | past | the Sultan | the vizir |  |  |  | away *property* | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **promise** *speech: promise* | gerund | woman *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **forgive** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | woman *not said here* | woman |  |  |  | for anything; beforehand *property* | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent she=Theme for anything=Attribute |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | might | woman |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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