---
title: There I hid myself under the shadow of the wall, and crouched down c… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: There I hid myself under the shadow of the wall, and crouched down cautiously; and hardly was I concealed, when I saw my wife approaching in company with a ghoul--one of those demons which, as your Highness is aware, wander about the country making their lairs in deserted buildings and springing out
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 34, sentence 91

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There I hid myself under the shadow of the wall, and crouched down cautiously; and hardly was I concealed, when I saw my wife approaching in company with a ghoul--one of those demons which, as your Highness is aware, wander about the country making their lairs in deserted buildings and springing out upon unwary travellers whose flesh they eat.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, wife, Highness, lairs · **What happens:** hide, crouch down, conceal, see, approach, be · **To what, where:** myself, shadow, I, wife, company, lairs

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 34. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, wife, Highness, lairs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:34:91
# text = There I hid myself under the shadow of the wall, and crouched down cautiously; and hardly was I concealed, when I saw my wife approaching in company with a ghoul--one of those demons which, as your Highness is aware, wander about the country making their lairs in deserted buildings and springing out upon unwary travellers whose flesh they eat.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	myself	myself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	crouched	crouch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
14	down	down	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	cautiously	cautiously	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
20	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	concealed	conceal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	25	advmod	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
26	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	approaching	approach	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	acl	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
31	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	ghoul	ghoul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	--	--	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	33	appos	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	38	det	_	_
38	demons	demon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nmod	_	_
39	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	45	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
41	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	45	mark	_	_
42	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	43	nmod:poss	_	_
43	Highness	highness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nsubj	_	_
44	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	45	cop	_	_
45	aware	aware	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
47	wander	wander	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	45	conj	_	_
48	about	about	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	_
51	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	47	advcl	_	_
52	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	53	nmod:poss	_	_
53	lairs	lair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	51	obj	_	_
54	in	in	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	deserted	desert	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	56	amod	_	_
56	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	51	obl	_	_
57	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	58	cc	_	_
58	springing	spring	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	51	conj	_	_
59	out	out	ADP	RP	_	58	compound:prt	_	_
60	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	62	case	_	_
61	unwary	unwary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	62	amod	_	_
62	travellers	traveller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	obl	_	_
63	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	64	nmod:poss	_	_
64	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	conj	_	_
65	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	66	nsubj	_	_
66	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	64	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past | I | myself |  | the shadow of the wall; there |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent myself=Patient under shadow=Location |
| 2 | **crouch down** | participle | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | cautiously *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **conceal** | past · passive |  | I |  |  |  | hardly *property* | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **see** | past | I | my wife |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wife=Stimulus |
| 5 | **approach** | gerund | my wife *not said here* |  |  | company |  | with a ghoul | vn confront-98 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with ghoul=Instrument |
| 6 | **is** | present | your Highness |  |  |  |  | that demons *obl*; aware *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **wander** | present | your Highness *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about the country | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme about country=Trajectory |
| 8 | **make** | gerund | your Highness *not said here* | demons's lairs |  | deserted buildings |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset lair=Product |
| 9 | **desert** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 10 | **spring out** | gerund | your Highness *not said here* |  |  | unwary travellers and unwary travellers and unwary travellers's flesh's flesh |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon traveller=Trajectory |
| 11 | **eat** | present | lairs *= lair* | unwary travellers and unwary travellers and flesh's flesh's flesh *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flesh=Patient |
| 12 | **shadow** |  |  | the wall |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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